Kaplan Law & Legal Consultancy
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Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law

Cheque Presentation Period and Dishonoured-Cheque Notation: Which Dates Matter?

Presentation periods based on the place of issue and payment, the dishonoured-cheque notation, and documents to review before commencing enforcement proceedings.

Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law

Limitation Periods for Promissory Notes: Is the Period the Same for the Maker and Endorser?

The party against whom the three-year period applies in promissory-note claims, the distinction for recourse against endorsers, and the dates to review regarding interruption of limitation.

Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law

Objection to Signature in Negotiable-Instrument Enforcement: Five-Day Period and Effect on Proceedings

The competent authority for objecting to a signature in cheque or promissory-note enforcement, the five-day application period and its effect on enforcement steps.

Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law

How Is the Enforcement Objection Period Calculated After Electronic Service?

The rule that UETS electronic service is deemed effected at the end of the fifth day, the seven-day objection period in ordinary enforcement and the five-day period in negotiable-instrument enforcement.

Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law

Cheque and Promissory-Note Enforcement: Negotiable-Instrument Attachment Procedure and Time Limits

Payment orders in cheque and promissory-note enforcement, the five-day objection and complaint period, the ten-day payment period and differences from ordinary enforcement.

Corporate Law

Company Capital by the End of 2026: Deadline for Joint-Stock and Limited Companies

New minimum capital amounts for joint-stock and limited companies, the 31 December 2026 transition deadline, general assembly resolutions and consequences of failing to comply on time.

Criminal Law

Aggravated Fraud and Its Penalty (Turkish Penal Code Article 158)

General information on fraudulent conduct under Article 158 of the Turkish Penal Code, use of banking and information systems as instruments, effective remorse and evidence.

Employment Law

Employee Receivables: Conditions for Entitlement to Severance and Notice Pay

What are the calculation methods, payment conditions, interest commencement dates and key points in mediation concerning severance and notice pay, among the employee’s fundamental rights in cases of justified or unjustified termination?

Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law

Objection to a Payment Order in Non-Judgment Enforcement and Action for Annulment of Objection

How does a debtor object to a payment order in non-judgment enforcement proceedings initiated to collect monetary receivables not based on a court judgment? A practical guide to an action for annulment of objection and the conditions for 20% enforcement-denial compensation in the event of an unjustified objection.

Real Estate Law

Protection of Property Rights in Real Estate Law: Title Deed Cancellation and Registration Actions

Improper registrations are among the most common issues in disputes concerning real-estate ownership. A comprehensive review of legal remedies and limitation periods in cases of collusive transfers by a deceased person or abuse of authority under a power of attorney.

Family Law

Balancing Custody, Maintenance and Compensation in an Uncontested Divorce Protocol

General information on clarifying arrangements concerning custody, personal contact, maintenance and division of property in an uncontested divorce protocol.

Legal Information Tools

To compare a prison sentence and the selected execution ratio, you may use the sentence-execution calculation table .